Medical Mycology: Open Access

Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis: A Narrative Review

In recent years, the occurrence of opportunistic fungal infection effect in the hospital
environment. Candida and Aspergillus are main cause of fungal infections. Candida infection
is widespread in Blood Stream Infections (B.S.I.). Candidemia is a common infection with
high morbidity and mortality rate og infection in patients with haematological malignancies
who are seriously ill. Bloodstream infection are caused due to prolonged stay in hospitals,
use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and during or after chemotherapy. Because of the
rise in antimicrobial resistance and a small supply of antifungal medication. Immune-
compromised patients have a high chance of infection due to several comorbidities and the
lack of specificity in blood culture based approaches with the detection of particular species
leading to misdiagnosis within strictly associated and time consuming species. The main
focus of this review is on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations,
and management of Invasive Candidiasis. Differentiation of Candidemia from bacterial
infection is difficult and complex process. Five species result from over 90% of invasive
infections with Candida species: Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis,
Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei. However, several species of Candida have been
successfully isolated and identified from clinical samples. The paucity of new techniques
for the rapid detection to overcome with the time consuming traditional methods. In
this study we summarized the recent advancement in microbiology for the detection and
identification of specific microbial species. Furthermore these findings are helpful for the
proper treatment and management of Candidemia infection by the rapid diagnosis and
detection.

Author(s):

Shivangi Tripathi, Anil Kumar Tripathi, Shailendra Prasad Verma, GopaBanerjee*

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